TRAFFIC ACCIDENT:An event which can cause death,
injury and material loss due to the crash of one or more vehicles
moving on roads or highways.
The elements of a traffic accident are:
a) An accident which has occurred or originated
on a road or street open to public trffic.
b) An accident which has resulted in the death
or injury of one ore more persons.
c) An accident in which at least one moving
vehicle has been involved.
Due to these reasons determined above these accidents include;
1- Collisions between two vehicles,
2- Collisions between vehicles and pedestrians,
3- Collisions between vehicles and animals or fixed objects.
SINGLE VEHICLE ACCIDENT: Traffic accidents in which
only one vehicle is involved.
ACCIDENTS OF TWO VEHICLES: Traffic accidents in
which only two vehicles is involved.
ACCIDENTS OF MULTIPLE VEHICLES (CHAIN ACCIDENT): Traffic accidents in which more than two vehicles are involved. Multi-vehicle collisions are counted as only one accident provided that the successive collisions happen at very short intervals.
MATERIAL LOSS: Covers only the damages to the vehicles involved in the accident.
PERSONS KILLED: Covers persons killed in the course of an accident or as a result of the accident.
PERSONS INJURED: Covers persons not killed, but injured, as a result of the accident.
INHABITED AREA: Includes provinces districts, villages,or any such settlement open to through traffic under the jurisdiction of the police or gendarmerie where speed limits are specified in the Highway Traffic Law..
UNINHABITED AREA: Includes areas that do not demonstrate character istics of a settlement and fall under the jurisdiction of the police and gendarmerie where speed limits are specified in the Highway Traffic Law.
ROAD: Open way for passage of public traffic primarily for the use of motor vehicles.
DIVIDED HIGHWAY: A highway that has one way traffic on a motorway cleary seperated from another motorway.
MOTORWAYS : Motorways are the main trunk roads which serve especially to transit traffic. The entrance and exit is restricted to certain grade separeted junctions. Pedestrians, animals, and non motor vehicles can not enter motorways. Only permitted motor vehicles can use motorways and traffic is subject to full access control.
STATE HIGHWAYS : State highways are the main arterial highways which connect main regional and provincial centers, important railroad stations, seaports, and airports. They also connect Turkey to neighboring countries.
PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS : Provincial highways are the secondary roads within the provincial borders that connect rural areas and town ships to other towns, to each other, and to state highways.
E ROADS : E Roads are part of the European International Road Network opened by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for the purpose of encouraging the improvement of roads that connect European countries to each other.
SHARP CURVE : A curve that cause sudden velocity decrease due to a great deflection angle and small radius.
STEEP SLOPE: A slope extending for a long distance as a value of greater than or equal to maximum slope.
CREST OF A CURVE : The vertical curve between an increasing and decreasing slope at the site.
VEHICLES: A mode of conveyance used on roads for transporting people, livestock, and goods, vehicles driven by mechanical power are referred to as "non-motor vehicles."
CAR : A motor vehicle intended for the transport passengers and seating not more than eight persons (including driver).That which carries passengers in return for a fare as determined either by a taxsimeter or a fixed rate is called a taxi cab.That which charges fares on a passenger basis is called a dolmuþ (or shared) cab. All others not falling in any of these categories and not subject to the Motor Vehicles Code 237, are called private cars.
MINIBUS : Passenger road motor vehicle, seating between eight and fourteen persons (excluding driver).
BUS : Road motor vehicle designed for the transport of passengers and having at least fifteen seats. Trolleybuses are also included in this category.
MOTORCYCLE : A two-wheeled or three-wheeled road motor vehicle with or without sidecar. If three-wheeled motorcycle is designed to carry goods not persons, it is called carrier tricyle.
SMALL TRUCK : A road motor vehicle designed to carry goods to a maximum laden weight of 3500 kg.
TRUCK : A road motor vehicle designed to carry
goods exceeding 3500 kg laden weight.
TANKER: Special purpose motor vehicles which carry oil, gas, water and similar substances.
A commercial vessel designated exclusively to carry liquid fuels such as petroleum, oil, or gasoline.
TRACTOR TRAILER : A road motor vehicle designed to haul trailers and semi-trailers.
TRACTOR: Motor vehicles used for agricultural which can pull a trailer or a semi-trailer under certain conditions.
MOPED : Any two-wheeled or three-wheeled road vehicle which is fitted with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc. and a maximum desing speed not exceeding 50 km (30 miles) per hour.
BICYCLE: A non motor vehicle which has at most three wheels propelled by hand or by foot pedals not designed to carry passengers.
HORSE CARRIAGE: A non motor vehicle manufactured to carry load drawn by animal power.
THE CATEGORIES OF DRIVER'S LICENSES:
Driver's licenses are seperated into the following groups by kinds and group of vehicle.
"A1" group driver's license (to ride a
moped)
"A2" group driver's license (to ride a
motorcycle)
"B" group driver's license (to drive a car, minibus or a small truck.)
"C" group driver's license (to drive a
truck.)
"D" group driver's license (to drive a
trailer.)
"E" group driver's license (to drive a
bus.)
"F" group driver's license (to drive a
tractor with rubber tyres.)
"G" group driver's license (to drive a
motor vehicle such as work machinery.)
"H" group driver's license (to drive a
car or motorcycle for the disabled or sick.)
"K" group driver's license (issued temporarily
to learn driving or for a vehicle suited to the group that the
licence is aimed for.)
INTERNATIONAL DRIVER'S LICENSE: License issued by competent international institutions, based on the driver's license obtained in another country for driving vehicles suited to its group as stipulated in the statutes of Highway Traffic Law No.86. Foreign driving licenses are also included in this category.
MILITARY DRIVING LICENSE: License given to non-commissioned officers who drive military vehicles, and are valid during military service.
NON-LICENSED DRIVERS: Drivers who do not have an official driving license and drivers who cannot prove they have a driving license for various reasons while the Traffic Accidents Repport is filled out, are included in this definition.
COASTAL SHIPPING : According to law no 815, effective on 1.7.1926,coastal shipping is defined as ships with the Turkish flag and a Turkish crew carrying cargo and passengers between ports in Turkish territorial waters.
SHIP : Vessels that sail by means other than oars are called ships without regard to their name, tonnage, and purpose of use.
CARGO SHIP: A commercial vessel designated to carry goods and 12 or less passengers. (Regulation on Crew Sufficiency and Number, in official news-paper, number of 16330, June 28,1978.)
PASSENGER SHIP : A commercial vessel designated to carry more than 12 passengers.(Law on Safeguarding of Life and Property at Sea, Law No. 4922, Part 1, Article 1.)
COMMERCIAL SHIP: A vessel used for profit making purposes is called a commercial ship (Law on Safeguarding of Life and Property at Sea, Law No. 4922, Part 1, Article 1.)
SERVICE SHIP : A commercial vessel used for educational, scientific research exploration, or salvage purposes such as a cable ship, tugboat, rake floating dock, crane ship divers boat workers carrier and any other boat used for special services is called a service ship (Regulation on Crew Sufficiency and Number, in official newspaper, Number of 16330, June 28, 1978 )
FISHING-BOAT : It is used only to hunt sea products and it is suitable for this purpose in point of its characteristics. It is a commercial vessel which is determined on its certificate as fishing - boat.
YACHT: Sea vessel which is constructed as type of yacht is used for voyage and sport Private yacht designed to seat not more than twelve persons and commercial yacht designed to seat not more than thirty six, persons. It is sea vessel which is determined on its certificate as private or commercial yacht.
MOTOR SHIP: Vessel propelled by a diesel engine either directly or through an electric motor or by power from generators coupled to the diesel engine.
STEAM SHIP : Vessel propelled by steam power.
SAILING SHIP: Vessel propelled by the force of wind by means of sails.
TOWED SHIP : Vessel without a motor towed behind or pushed by a self propelled ship.
GROSS TONS : Volume of closed places of a ship, both below and above deck.
NET TONS: The remaining volume after deducting from gross tonnage the spaces not available for passenger and cargo use.
HOME PORT : The port where the sailing of the ship is direc-ted is the home port.
REGISTRY OFFICE : A unit which belongs to the Presidency of a port and has been set up according to the Turkish Trade Law No: 839 with the aim of registering all Turkish flag car-ries.
SHIP ENTERING WITH AND WITHOUT LOAD : If a vessel enters port with passengers and cargo on board but does not unload, it is termed "ship entering without load". If a vessel enters port with passengers and cargo on board and unloads it is termed "ships entering with load".
SHIP DEPARTING WITH AND WITHOUT LOAD : If a vessel departs port with passengers and cargo on board but does not load at the port it is termed"ships departing without load". If commercial goods and passengers are loaded on the departing ship at the port, it is termed "ships departing with load".
PASSENGER VEHICLE : Is a motor vehicle designed
to carry passengers, cars and minibuses, buses and motorcycles fall into this category.
CARGO MOTOR VEHICLE: Is a motor vehicle designed to carry merchandise. Motorcycles, small trucks and trucks fall into this category.
OTHER VEHICLES: Are motor vehicles designed for miscellaneouse purposes. Special purpose vehicles, road construction and work machinery fall into this category.
CARRYING CAPACITY: Maximum load or number of people a vehicle can safely carry.
MAXIMUM WEIGHT: Total weight of vehicle with its weight and the maximum load which it can carry with safety.
WEIGHT WITH LOAD : Total weight of motor vehicle without load and the weights of driver, passengers and merchandise.
TIRE SIZE : The surface to surface dimension of the cross section of a tire and the nominal diameter of the tire is fixed. (shown in mms or inches) For example, 165-13 tire size, the first denotes the cross section width of a tire and the second, the dia-meter of the rim.
CROSS-SECTION WIDHT : The surface to surface dimension of the cross-section of a tire (shown in mms or inches).
RIM DIAMETER : The nominal diameter of the tire is Fixed. (shown in inches).
TRACTOR-TRAILER: Road motor vehicles designed to haul traiiler and semi-trailers.
LAND VEHICLE: Four wheeled road motor vehicles designed to carry persons and goods.
SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES: Road motor vehicles designed for a special purpose such as to haul and lift broken vehicles, fire engines, ambulances, hearses, research vehicles, mobile libraries and tow truck.
WORK MACHINERY: Tractors with plates or metal wheels, harvesters, road construction machinery and similar machinery used in agriculture,industry, public works, national defence. This machinery can be designed to carry people, animals or goods.
PRIVATE VEHICLE: A motor vehicle not used for commercial gain belonging to private persons, organizations or institutions, issued special license plates by Traffic Departments.
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE: A motor vehicle designed to carry passengers or goods for commercial gain, issued commercial license plates by Traffic Departments.
OFFICIAL VEHICLE: A motor vehicle designed to carry passengers and goods for public services, issued official license plates by Traffic Departments. Motor vehicles with official license plates which render services to the municipalities are excluded here. They are shown under the title of "Municipality".