Gross domestic research and development expenditure was 13,991 billion TL for 1994, and 29,09 billion TL for 1995.
Current Prices Purchasing Power (TL) Parity ($) Total R&D 1994 13,991,270.2 1154.8 expenditures 1995 29,509,394.8 1302.8 (millions) R&D 1994 .36 .36 expenditures/ 1995 .38 .38 GNP (%) Per capita 1994 230,970.5 19.1 R&D 1995 478,706.7 21.1 expenditures
Compared with the previous years, it has been observed that the share of R&D expenditures in GNP was decreased from .53% in 1991 to .38 in 1995. This ratio is around 2.5-3.0 % in USA and Japan, 2-2.5 % in France and Germany, 1-1.5 % in Italy, Austria, Canada, .6-.9 % in Greece, Spain, and Portugal.