When the results of first period (January 1 - June 30, 1999) of 1999 Employment and Earning Survey is compared with the results of second period (July 1 - December 31, 1999), the followings were observed.

When hourly wage for actual hours of work was compared by establishment size, it was observed that, as establishment size increased, generally hourly wage for actual hours of work also increased in both periods of 1999 (Graphic 1). The highest hourly wage for actual hours of work was found in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods with 1 million 676 thousand TL in the first period and with 2 million 250 thousand TL in the second period (Table 3).

When hourly wage for actual hours of work was compared by establishment size, it was observed that, the highest hourly wage for actual hours of work was in electricity, gas and water sector then other sectors in all establishment size classes except large establishments with 500 and more employees in the first period. In large establishments with 500 and more employees the highest amount was found in mining and quarrying sector in the first period. The highest hourly wage for actual hours of work was in electricity, gas and water sector in all establishment size classes in the second period.

When the per capita average monthly gross earnings were compared by economic activity of establishments that covered by survey for each period of 1999, the highest average monthly gross earnings were observed in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods. While the per capita average monthly gross earnings in electricity, gas and water sector was 372 million 731 thousand TL in the first period, this figure increased to 504 million 927 thousand TL in the second period.

Electricity, gas and water sector was followed by mining and quarrying sector in both periods of 1999. While the per capita average monthly gross earnings in mining and quarrying sector was 345 million 408 thousand TL in the first period, this figure was estimated to be 470 million 401 thousand TL in the second period.

Gross wage, as a percentage of gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was 87 % in the first period and 84.8 % in the second period. While these rates in mining and quarrying sector were estimated as 76.3 % in the first period and 70.4 % in the second period, they were 85.1 % and 84.1 % respectively in manufacturing sector(Table 1).

When average monthly gross earnings were examined by two digit economic activity codes, the highest average monthly gross earning in the mining and quarrying sector was found in the 'Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat' economic activity code with 413 million 770 thousand TL in the first period and 555 million 92 thousand TL in the second period. In the manufacturing sector, the highest average monthly gross earning in both periods was found in 'Manufacture of basic metals' economic activity code with 450 million 815 thousand TL in the first period and with 587 million 932 thousand TL in the second period. The highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity with 430 million 843 thousand TL in the first period and with 586 million 680 thousand TL in the second period (Table 4).

In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, in mining and quarrying sector, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in both periods 'Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas, mining of metal ores' economic activity with 459 million 423 thousand TL in the first period and with 646 million 356 thousand TL in the second period. In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in manufacturing sector was found in the 'Manufacture of basic metals' economic activity in both periods with 532 million 889 thousand TL in the first period and 704 million 424 thousand TL in the second period. Finally, the highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity in both of the periods of 1999, with 431 million 725 thousand TL in the first period and 587 million 407 thousand TL in the second period (Table 5).

Graphic 2. Average monthly gross earning by economic activity, public versus private status of establishment and periods

In the establishments not following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in mining and quarrying sector in both periods was found in 'Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas and mining of metal ores' economic activity with 162 million 805 thousand TL in the first period and with 188 million 27 thousand TL in the second period. The highest average monthly gross earnings in manufacturing sector was found in 'Manufacture of cook, refine petroleum products, chemical products and rubber and plastics products' economic activity in both of the periods, with 278 million 411 thousand TL in the first period and with 384 million 214 thousand TL in the second period. Finally, the highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity in both of the periods of 1999, with 336 million 899 thousand TL in the first period and 500 million 111 thousand TL in the second period (Table 6).

When average monthly gross wages and earnings were examined by public versus private sector status of the establishment, the highest earning in public sector was observed in mining and quarrying sector in both periods with 454 million 228 thousand TL in the first period and 603 million 418 thousand TL in the second period (Table 1).In private sector, for both periods the highest average monthly gross earning was found in electricity, gas and water sector with 453 million 302 thousand TL in the first period and 622 million 964 thousand TL in the second period. Since it can be followed in Graphic 2, excluding electricity, gas and water sector, the average monthly gross wages and earnings of public sector employees were higher than those of private sector employees in both periods (Table 1) (Graphic 2).

When average monthly gross wages and earnings were compared by establishment size, it was seen that, as establishment size increased, per capita average monthly gross wage and earning also increased generally in both periods. in the first period of 1999, in small establishments which had 1-9 employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 136 million 209 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 126 million 153 thousand TL. In the second period of 1999, in small establishments, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 170 million 242 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 159 million 607 thousand TL. In large establishments which had 500 and more employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 381 million 752 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 311 million 132 thousand TL in the first period of 1999. In the second period of 1999, in large establishments, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 490 million 984 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 390 million 744 thousand TL (Table 3) (Graphic 3).

Graphic 3. Average monthly gross earning by establishment size and periods

When average monthly gross earnings and wages were compared by establishment size and economic activities, it was observed that, average monthly gross earning was higher in electricity, gas and water sector then manufacturing and mining and quarrying sectors in all establishment size classes except large establishments with 500 and more employees. The highest average monthly gross earning in large establishments with 500 and more employees was found in mining and quarrying sector.

When average monthly gross wages and earnings were examined by the collective bargaining status of the establishment, average monthly gross earning and wages of the both public and private sector employees who worked in the establishments where collective bargaining agreement was applied were found higher than those worked in the establishments which were not in the coverage of collective bargaining agreement in both periods of 1999 (Table 2).

In establishments following collective bargaining agreement, while per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 377 million 705 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 308 million 145 thousand TL in the first period of 1999, in the second period of 1999, per capita average monthly gross earning increased to 491 million 602 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage increased to 392 million 171 thousand TL. In establishments not following the collective bargaining agreement, while per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 164 million 820 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 151 million 536 thousand TL in the first period of 1999, in the second period of 1999, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 212 million 445 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 193 million 223 thousand TL. When this situation is examined by public versus private sector status of the establishments, average monthly gross wages and earnings in establishments following collective bargaining agreements were found higher than establishments not following collective bargaining agreement for both public and private sector (Table 2). Therefore, it was seen that, collective bargaining agreement had a high level of influence on wages and earnings.

When average monthly gross wages and earnings are examined by seven geographical regions (excluding selected provinces) and selected four provinces that the establishments located, in the first period, the highest per capita average monthly gross earning was found in Mediterranean Region (excluding Adana) (343 million 340 thousand TL). Province Adana (332 million 28 thousand TL) and Black Sea Region (322 million 391 thousand TL) have followed. In the second period of 1999, the highest per capita average monthly gross earning was found in Mediterranean Region (excluding Adana) (491 million 307 thousand TL). East Anatolian Region (418 million 524 thousand TL) and Black Sea Region (416 million 72 thousand TL) have followed (Table 7).

In the first period of 1999 in public sector, average monthly gross earnings were found higher in Mediterranean Region (excluding Adana), Aegean Region (excluding Izmir), Central Anatolia Region (excluding Ankara) than other regions and provinces. In the second period of 1999 in public sector, average monthly gross earnings were found higher in Mediterranean Region (excluding Adana), province Izmir, Aegean Region (excluding Izmir) than other regions and provinces.

In the first period of 1999 in private sector, average monthly gross earnings were found higher in province Adana, Marmara Region (excluding İstanbul) and Black Sea Region than other regions and provinces. In the second period of 1999 in private sector, average monthly gross earnings were found higher in province Adana, Marmara Region (excluding İstanbul) and province Ankara than other regions and provinces (Table 7).

When the share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning were examined, the highest figure was found in mining and quarrying sector in both periods of 1999. In this sector, share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was 19.3 % in the first period and 23.4 % in the second period.

When this ratios were examined by public versus private sector status of the establishment, the share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning in public sector was 14.1 % in the first period and 16.8 % in the second period. In private sector, the share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was 11.5 % in the first period and 11.8 % in the second period (Table 1).

When this ratio was examined by establishment size, it was found that, as establishment size increased, share of bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning also increased generally in both periods (Table 3). Similarly, share of bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was found higher in establishments following collective bargaining agreement comparing to establishments not following collective bargaining establishments in both periods (Table 2).

Share of the irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earnings in the first period of 1999 was 3 % for three sectors that were covered in the survey, 3.7 % in public sector and 2.7 % in private sector. Share of the irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earnings was 3.4 % in the second period. This figures were 4.3 % in public sector and 2.9 % in private sector in the second period (Table 1).

When social allowances were examined by establishment size, it was observed that as establishment size increased, share of the irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earnings was also increased in both periods. It was also seen that establishments with 500 and more employees had higher social allowances than other establishment size classes (Table 3). When social allowances were examined by collective agreement status of the establishment, share of gross irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earning was generally found higher in establishments following collective bargaining agreement comparing to establishments not following collective bargaining establishments in both periods (Table 2).