When the results of second period (July 1 - December 31) of 2001 Employment and Earning Survey is examined, the followings were observed.
Hourly wage for actual hours of work
When hourly wage for actual hours of work was compared by establishment size, it was observed that, as establishment size increased, hourly wage for actual hours of work also increased in second period of 2001. The highest hourly wage for actual hours of work was found in electricity, gas and water sector in all establishment sizes except establishments with 500 and more employees. In establishments with 500 and more employees, the highest hourly wage for actual hours of work was in mining and quarrying sector (Graphic 1).
Economic activity
When the per capita average monthly gross earnings were compared by economic activity of establishments that covered by survey, the highest average monthly gross earning was observed in electricity, gas and water sector in the second period of 2001. The per capita average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was estimated as 1 billion 69 million 718 thousand TL. Electricity, gas and water sector was followed by mining and quarrying sector. The per capita average monthly gross earning in mining and quarrying sector was estimated as 931 million 686 thousand TL.
Gross wage, as a percentage of gross earning was 83.4 % in electricity, gas and water sector, was 84.2 % in manufacturing sector and was 78.5 % in mining and quarrying sector in the second period of 2001 (Table 1).
When average monthly gross earnings were examined by two digit economic activity codes, the highest average monthly gross earning in the mining and quarrying sector was found in the 'Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas, mining of metal ores' economic activity code with 1 billion 282 million 702 thousand TL in the second period of 2001. In the manufacturing sector, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in 'Manufacture of basic metals' economic activity code with 1 billion 80 million 947 thousand TL. The highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity with 1 billion 289 million 893 thousand TL (Table 4).
In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, in mining and quarrying sector, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in 'Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas, mining of metal ores' economic activity with 1 billion 625 million 199 thousand TL in the second period of 2001. In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in manufacturing sector was found in the 'Manufacture of coke, refine petroleum products, chemicals products and rubber and plastics products' economic activity with 1 billion 499 million 165 thousand TL. Finally, the highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity in the second period of 2001, with 1 billion 291 million 275 thousand TL (Table 5).
In the establishments not following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in mining and quarrying sector was found in 'Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas and mining of metal ores' economic activity with 401 million 883 thousand TL. The highest average monthly gross earning in manufacturing sector was found in 'Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and other transport equipment' economic activity with 706 million 242 thousand TL (Table 6).
Public versus private sector status of the establishment
When average monthly gross earnings were examined by public versus private sector status of the establishment, the highest earning in public sector was observed in mining and quarrying sector in the second period of 2001 with 1 billion 240 million 628 thousand TL(Table 1). In private sector, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in electricity, gas and water sector with 1 billion 197 million 589 thousand TL. Since it can be followed in Graphic 2, excluding electricity, gas and water sector, the average monthly gross earnings of public sector employees were higher than those of private sector employees
(Table 1 and Graphic 2).Establishment size
When average monthly gross wages and earnings were compared by establishment size, it was seen that, as establishment size increased, per capita average monthly gross wage and earning also increased in the second period of 2001. In this period, in small establishments which had 1-9 employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 308 million 347 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 280 million 981 thousand TL. In the second period of 2001, in large establishments which had 500 and more employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 992 million 15 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 801 million 533 thousand TL (Table 3).
Graphic 3. Average monthly gross earnings by economic activity and establishment size, 2001 (II)
When average monthly gross earnings were compared by establishment size and economic activities, it was observed that, average monthly gross earning was higher in electricity, gas and water sector then manufacturing and mining and quarrying sectors in all establishment size classes except establishments with 500 and more employees. In establishments with 500 and more employees, the highest average monthly gross earning was observed in mining and quarrying sector.
Collective bargaining status of establishment
When average monthly gross wages and earnings were examined by the collective bargaining status of the establishment, average monthly gross wages and earnings of the both public and private sector employees who worked in the establishments where collective bargaining agreement was applied were found higher than those worked in the establishments which were not in the coverage of collective bargaining agreement (Table 2).
In establishments following collective bargaining agreement, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 1 billion 41 million 317 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 839 million 743 thousand TL in the second period of 2001. In establishments not following the collective bargaining agreement, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 400 million 727 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 362 million 329 thousand TL in the second period of 2001. When this situation is examined by public versus private sector status of the establishments, average monthly gross wages and earnings in establishments following collective bargaining agreements were found higher than establishments not following collective bargaining agreement for both public and private sector (Table 2).Therefore, it was seen that, collective bargaining agreement had a high level of influence on wages and earnings.
Geographical region and selected provinces
When average monthly gross earnings were examined by seven geographical regions (excluding selected provinces) and selected four provinces that the establishments located, the highest per capita average monthly gross earning was found in East Anatolian Region (877 million 557 thousand TL) in the second period of 2001. Black Sea Region (861 million 405 thousand TL) and Mediterranean Region (excluding Adana) (819 million 913 thousand TL) have followed (Table 7).
In the second period of 2001 in public sector, average monthly gross earnings were found higher in Mediterranean Region (excluding Adana), Province Izmir and East Anatolia Region than other regions and provinces. In the second period of 2001 in private sector, average monthly gross earnings were found higher in province Adana, Marmara Region (excluding Istanbul) and Province Ankara than other regions and provinces (Table 7).
Payments of bonuses and premiums
When the share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was examined, the highest figure was found in mining and quarrying sector in the second period of 2001. In this sector, share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was 15.6 % in the second period of 2001 (Table 1).
When this ratio was examined by public versus private sector status of the establishment, the share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was 15.2 % in public sector and 11.4 % in private sector (Table 1).
Irregular social allowances
Social allowances paid regularly each month are covered in gross wages. Therefore, gross social allowances that appear in Table 1 correspond to irregular social allowances. Share of the irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earnings in the second period of 2001 was 3.5 % for three sectors that were covered in the survey, 4.4 % in public sector and 3 % in private sector (Table 1).
Minimum wage
Monthly gross minimum wage was 164 million 441 thousand TL for the periods between 01.07.2001 and 31.12.2001 for persons 16 years and over. For persons below 16 years of age this figure was fixed as 139 million 778 thousand TL for the periods between 01.07.2001 and 31.12.2001.
EXPLANATION ON WAGE AND EARNING SURVEYS DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTSTABLES
