When the results of second period (July 1, December 31) of 1996 Employment and Earning Survey is compared with the results of first period (January 1, June 30), the followings were observed.

When the per capita average monthly gross earnings were compared by branch of economic activity, the highest average monthly gross earnings were observed in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods. While the per capita average monthly gross earnings in electricity, gas and water sector was 49 million 388 thousand TL in first period, this figure increased to 72 million 744 thousand TL in the second period.

Electricity, gas and water sector was followed by mining and quarrying sector in both periods of 1996. While the per capita average monthly gross earnings in mining and quarrying sector was 42 million 863 thousand TL in first period, this figure was estimated to be 59 million 150 thousand TL in the second period.

Gross wage, as a percentage of gross earning was 86.8 % in electricity, gas and water sector and 78.7 % in mining and quarrying sector in the first period of 1996. In the second period of 1996, gross wage, as a percentage of gross earning decreased to 85.7 % in electricity, gas and water sector and increased to 81.4 % in mining and quarrying sector (Table 1).

When hourly wage for actual hours of work was compared by establishment size, it was observed that, as establishment size increased, hourly wage for actual hours of work also increased in both periods of 1996. This situation was clearer in the second period. When comparisons were made by branch of economic activity, it was observed that, electricity, gas and water sector had the highest hourly wage for actual hours of work in both periods. This figure was 225 thousand TL in the first period and increased to 310.9 thousand TL in the second period (Table 2).

When average monthly gross wages and earnings were examined by public versus private sector, the highest earning in public sector was observed in manufacturing sector with 51 million 28 thousand TL in the first period. In the second period, the highest figure in public sector was found in electricity, gas and water sector with 72 million 833 thousand TL. In private sector, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in electricity, gas and water sector with 76 million 314 thousand TL in the first period and in manufacturing sector with 52 million 144 thousand TL for the second period. For the second period, in electricity, gas and water sector, the data is not available due to insufficient number of observation. Since it can be followed in Graphic 1.1 and 2.1, excluding electricity, gas and water sector, the average monthly gross wages and earnings of public sector employees were higher than those of private sector employees in both periods (Table 1 and Graphic 1).

When average monthly gross earnings and wages were compared by establishment size, it was seen that, as establishment size increased, per capita average monthly gross wage and earning also increased in both periods. In large establishments which had 500 and more employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 50 million 671 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 41 million 744 thousand TL in the first period of 1996. In the second period of 1996, in large establishments, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 70 million 161 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 57 million 526 thousand TL. In the first period of 1996, in small establishments which had 1-9 employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 22 million 974 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 21 million 81 thousand TL. Finally, in the second period of 1996, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 32 million 607 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 30 million 117 thousand TL (Table 2 and Graphic 2).

When average monthly gross earnings and wages were examined by the collective bargaining status of the establishment, average monthly gross earning and wages of the both public and private sector employees who worked in the establishments where collective bargaining agreement was applied were found higher than those worked in the establishments which were not in the coverage of collective bargaining agreement in both periods of 1996 (Table 3).

In establishments following collective bargaining agreement, while per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 50 million 788 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 41 million 807 thousand TL in the first period of 1996, in the second period of 1996, per capita average monthly gross earning increased to 70 million 576 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage increased to 57 million 496 thousand TL. In establishments not following the collective bargaining agreement, while per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 25 million 315 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 23 million 217 thousand TL in the first period of 1996, in the second period of 1996, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 35 million 914 thousand TL and per capita average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 32 million 681 thousand TL. Therefore, it was seen that, collective bargaining agreement had a high level of influence on wages and earnings (Table 3).

When average monthly gross earnings were examined by two digit economic activity codes, in both periods of 1996, the highest average monthly gross earning in the mining and quarrying sector was found in the ‘Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas, mining of metal ores’ economic activity code with 47 million 772 thousand TL in the first period and with 62 million 362 thousand TL in the second period. In the manufacturing sector, the highest average monthly gross earning in the first period was found in ‘manufacture of basic metals’ economic activity code with 58 million 906 thousand TL, and in ‘manufacture of electrical machinery and radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus, medical precision and optical instruments’ with 85 million 819 thousand TL in the second period. The highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods was found in ‘Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply’ economic activity with 59 million 83 thousand TL in the first period and with 84 million 606 thousand TL in the second period (Table 4).

In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, in mining and quarrying sector, while in the first period, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in ‘Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas, mining of metal ores’ branch with 54 million 81 thousand TL, in the second period, it was found in ‘other mining and quarrying’ with 72 million 393 thousand TL. In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in manufacturing sector in the first period was found in the ‘Manufacture of cook, refine petroleum products, chemicals products and rubber and plastics products’ branch with 73 million 38 thousand TL. In the second period, ‘Manufacture of electrical machinery and radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus, medical precision and optical instruments’ had the highest per capita average monthly gross earnings with 103 million 948 thousand TL. Finally, the highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was found in ‘Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply’ branch in both of the periods of 1996, with 59 million 115 thousand TL in the first period and 84 million 606 thousand TL in the second period (Table 5).

In the establishments not following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in mining and quarrying sector in the first period, was found in ‘Other mining and quarrying’ branch with 23 million 251 thousand TL. In the second period this highest figure was found in ‘Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas, mining of metal ores’ branch with 48 million 564 thousand TL. The highest average monthly gross earnings in manufacturing sector in both periods were found in ‘Manufacture of cook, refine petroleum products, chemical products and rubber and plastics products’ branch with 45 million 679 thousand TL in the first period and with 63 million 333 thousand TL in the second period (Table 6).

When average monthly gross wages and earnings are examined by seven geographical region (excluding selected provinces) and selected four provinces that the establishments located, in the first period, the highest per capita average monthly gross earning was found in province Ankara (49 million 706 thousand TL). East Anatolian Region (47 million 347 thousand TL) and province Adana (46 million 860 thousand TL) have followed Ankara. In the second period of 1996, the highest per capita average monthly gross earning was found in province Ankara (65 million 637 thousand TL). Province Adana (65 million 416 thousand TL) and East Anatolian Region (63 million 97 thousand TL) have followed Ankara (Table 1.11 and Table 7).

When public versus private sector status of the establishments following collective bargaining agreement were taken into consideration, the highest average monthly gross earning in public sector was found in province Ankara with 62 million 90 thousand TL for the first period and in South East Anatolian Region with 81 million 237 thousand TL for the second period. In the private sector, in both periods of the 1996, the highest monthly average gross earning was found in Black See Region, with 69 million 795 thousand TL in the first period and 89 million 88 thousand TL in the second period (Table 8).

When the share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning were examined, the highest figure was found in mining and quarrying sector (18.4 %) in the first period. In this period, in the same economic activity code, in private sector, share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was 8.3 %. In the second period of 1996, the highest figure in the sense of share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was again in mining and quarrying sector (15.9 %). In this period, in the same economic activity code, in private sector, share of the bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning increased to 12.5 % (Table 1).

When this ratio was examined by establishment size, it was found that, as establishment size increased, share of bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning also increased in both periods of 1996 (Table 2). Similarly, share of bonuses and premiums within the average monthly gross earning was found higher in establishments following collective bargaining agreement comparing to establishments not following collective bargaining establishments in both periods (Table 3).

Share of the irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earnings was 2.7 % for the three sectors that were covered in the survey in the first period of 1996. This figure was 2.9 % in public sector and 2.5 % in private sector in the first period. Share of the irregular social allowances within the average monthly gross earnings increased to 3.2 % in the second period. This figure increased to 3.8 % in public sector and 2.8 % in private sector in the second period (Table 1).

Monthly minimum wage which was fixed by minimum wage commission was 8 million 460 thousand TL for the periods between 01.09.1995 and 31.07.1996 and was 17 million 10 thousand TL for the periods between 01.08.1996 and 31.07.1997 for persons 16 years and over. The increase rate in minimum wage between these two periods was 101.1 %. For persons below 16 years of age these figures were fixed as follows; 7 million 88 thousand TL for the periods between 01.09.1995 and 31.07.1996 and 14 million 400 thousand TL for the periods between 01.08.1996 and 31.07.1997. The increase rate in minimum wage between these two periods was 103.2 % for persons below 16 years of age.