When the results of first period (January 1 - June 30) of 1997 Employment and Earning Survey is compared with the results of second period (July 1 - December 31), the followings were observed.

When the per capita average monthly gross earnings were compared by branch of economic activity that covered by survey for each period of 1997, the highest average monthly gross earnings were observed in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods. While the per capita average monthly gross earnings in electricity, gas and water sector was 110 million 274 thousand TL in first period, this figure increased to 152 million 977 thousand TL in the second period.

Electricity, gas and water sector was followed by mining and quarrying sector in both periods of 1997. While the per capita average monthly gross earnings in mining and quarrying sector was 99 million 793 thousand TL in first period, this figure was estimated to be 141 million 77 thousand TL in the second period.

Gross wage, as a percentage of gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was 84 % in first period and 82.4 % in second period. While these rates in mining and quarrying sector were estimated as 83.4 % in the first period and 79.5 % in the second period, they were 83.1 % and 83.4 % respectively in manufacturing sector (Table 1).

When average monthly gross earnings were examined by two digit economic activity codes, in both periods of 1997, the highest average monthly gross earning in the mining and quarrying sector was found in the 'Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat' economic activity code with 116 million 506 thousand TL in the first period and with 174 million 835 thousand TL in the second period. In the manufacturing sector, the highest average monthly gross earning in the first period was found in 'Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum, chemical, rubber and plastic products' economic activity code with 121 million 953 thousand TL, and in 'manufacture of basic metals' with 169 million 654 thousand TL in the second period. The highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector in both periods was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity with 116 million 813 thousand TL in the first period and with 163 million 146 thousand TL in the second period (Table 4).

In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, in mining and quarrying sector, in both periods, the highest average monthly gross earning was found in 'Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat' economic activity with 127 million 222 thousand TL in the first period and with 191 million 989 thousand TL in the second period. In the establishments following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in manufacturing sector in the first period was found in the 'Manufacture of cook, refine petroleum products, chemicals products and rubber and plastics products' branch with 155 million 450 thousand TL and in 'Manufacture of electrical machinery and radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus, medical precision and optical instruments' economic activity with 213 million 410 thousand TL in the second periıd. Finally, the highest average monthly gross earning in electricity, gas and water sector was found in 'Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply' economic activity in both of the periods of 1997, with 116 million 653 thousand TL in the first period and 162 million 876 thousand TL in the second period (Table 5).

In the establishments not following collective bargaining agreement, the highest average monthly gross earning in mining and quarrying sector in both periods was found in 'Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas and mining of metal ores' economic activity with 43 million 32 thousand TL in the first period and with 56 million 961 thousand TL in the second period. The highest average monthly gross earnings in manufacturing sector in both periods were found in 'Manufacture of cook, refine petroleum products, chemical products and rubber and plastics products' economic activity with 83 million 762 thousand TL in the first period and with 115 million 891 thousand TL in the second period (Table 6).

When hourly wage for actual hours of work was compared by establishment size, it was observed that, as establishment size increased, hourly wage for actual hours of work also increased in both periods of 1997 (Graphic 1). When comparisons were made by branch of economic activity, the highest hourly wage for actual hours of work was found in mining and quarrying sector with 476.2 thousand TL in first period and in electricity, gas and water sector with 652.1 thousand TL in second period (Table 3).

In both periods of 1997, when hourly wage for actual hours of work was compared by establishment size, it was observed that, hourly wage for actual hours of work was higher in electricity, gas and water sector then other sectors in all establishment size classes except large establishments with 500 and more employees. The highest hourly wage for actual hours of work in large establishments with 500 and more employees was found in mining and quarrying sector.

When average monthly gross wages and earnings were examined by public versus private sector status of the establishment, the highest earning in public sector was observed in mining and quarrying sector in both periods with 126 million 556 thousand TL in the first period and 183 million 653 thousand TL in the second period (Table 1). In private sector, for both periods the highest average monthly gross earning was found in electricity, gas and water sector with 146 million 703 thousand TL in the first period and 237 million 397 thousand TL in the second period. Since it can be followed in Graphic 2, excluding electricity, gas and water sector, the average monthly gross wages and earnings of public sector employees were higher than those of private sector employees in both periods (Table 1 and Graphic 2).

Graphic 2. Average monthly gross earning by economic activity, public versus private status of establishment and periods

When average monthly gross wages and earnings were compared by establishment size, it was seen that, as establishment size increased, per capita average monthly gross wage and earning also increased in both periods. In first period of 1997, in small establishments which had 1-9 employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 35 million 599 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 33 million 22 thousand TL. In the second period of 1997, in small establishments, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 57 million 26 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 53 million 169 thousand TL. In large establishments which had 500 and more employees, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 106 million 903 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 86 million 47 thousand TL in the first period of 1997. In the second period of 1997, in large establishments, per capita average monthly gross earning was estimated to be 144 million 789 thousand TL and average monthly gross wage was estimated to be 116 million 353 thousand TL (Table 3 and Graphic 3).

EXPLANATION ON WAGE AND EARNING SURVEYS